Frequently Asked Questions About Spine Treatment Options

Table of Contents

Endoscopic Surgery

General Information Procedure Preparation and Recovery Risks and Complications Postsurgical Care

Endoscopic Surgery

General Information

What is ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery?

Endoscopic spine surgery is an ultra-minimally invasive surgical technique performed by either an orthopedic surgeon or neurosurgeon. Often, these procedures can be performed in an outpatient setting, potentially allowing you to go home the same day.¹

How does endoscopic spine surgery differ from traditional spine surgery?

A camera the width of a pencil tip (endoscope) is inserted through a small incision, allowing your surgeon to view the inside of the spine without the need for the large incision required for traditional back surgery. Tiny instruments are placed through the endoscope to address nerve compression and other issues within the spine. Benefits of ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic surgery include much smaller incisions and less muscle damage and scar tissue, as well as shorter hospital stays and recovery time.²

What conditions can be treated with endoscopic spine surgery?

Ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery can be used to alleviate pressure from pinched nerves in the back or neck resulting from herniated discs, spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, bone spurs, and other causes. This can relieve pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness radiating into the affected arm(s) or leg(s). The endoscope can also be used to address back pain caused by arthritis in the spine.

When should I consider endoscopic spine surgery?

Patients who continue to experience pain following nonoperative treatments, such as physical therapy, medications, and/or steroid injections, may consider surgery. In many cases, nonsurgical treatments are successful at alleviating neck and back issues; but when symptoms continue to have a significant impact on quality of life, it may be worth consulting with a surgeon.

‍
There may be other options for relief, and surgery may not be recommended, but patients who do require surgery can benefit from seeking treatment from a surgeon skilled in advanced techniques like endoscopic spine surgery.

Procedure

How long does endoscopic spine surgery take?

While the length of the surgery varies significantly depending on the location within the spine, complexity of a case, and number of levels being addressed, many endoscopic procedures take an hour or less.^3,4

What should I expect during the procedure?

During endoscopic spine surgery, you may receive either general anesthesia or sedation with local anesthesia, ensuring a comfortable experience. The procedure involves small incisions and minimal muscle trauma, leading to quicker recovery times and less postoperative pain.²

‍

Once the procedure begins, your surgeon will insert a cannula through a small incision, creating a “tunnel” to view inside the spine and insert other tiny instruments for performing the procedure.

Preparation and Recovery

How should I prepare for the surgery?

Many patients find that learning more about their procedure and hearing from surgeons and other patients helps them overcome apprehension about undergoing surgery. Make sure to discuss any questions and concerns with your surgeon, who may also address procedure details, surgical risks, allergies to medications, preparation for surgery, discharge planning, and recovery.

What is the recovery process like?

Following your procedure, you will be woken up and taken to the recovery room / postanesthesia care unit (PACU). You may experience some temporary postoperative discomfort, which is typical. Many patients describe this as a “soreness” in their backs. You will remain in the recovery room for 1-2 hours. Then, depending on the treatment plan your surgeon discussed with you before surgery, you may be discharged home or taken to a hospital room.

‍
Recovery protocol and postoperative management, including medications, are patient-specific and dependent on guidance from your surgeon. Many patients take no prescription pain medications after these procedures, and some take no medications at all.

How long does it take to recover?

Recovery from endoscopic spine surgery is typically faster than recovery from traditional open spine surgery. Many patients begin gentle exercise within a day or two after surgery. Depending on the specific procedure and your overall health, you may return to work or resume full physical activity within 2 to 6 weeks, or even sooner. Your return to work will depend on the physical demands of your job and should be discussed with your surgeon.

Will I need physical therapy after surgery?

Physical therapy after surgery can help strengthen your muscles and improve your mobility. It is important to discuss your daily activity with your surgeon, who will create a personalized plan to support your recovery and ensure the best possible outcome.

Risks and Complications

Are there any risks or potential complications associated with endoscopic spine surgery?

As with all spinal surgeries, risks of endoscopic surgery include injury to nearby nerves and blood vessels, spinal fluid leak, infection, bleeding, blood clots, or persistence or recurrence of symptoms. However, studies have shown that undergoing ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery results in fewer postoperative complications and infections, less disruption to surrounding soft tissue, and a shorter hospital stay.^3,5,9

‍

Arthrex endoscopes and instrumentation are indicated for visualization of the intraoperative site and surgical intervention during endoscopic procedures and minimally invasive surgery involving the spine. Endoscopic spine surgery is generally not intended for patients who have experienced or are experiencing spinal trauma, infection, instability, or severe scoliosis, or who have a present pathologic issue.

What should I do if I experience complications?

If you experience any complications after your endoscopic spine surgery, it’s important to contact your surgeon or healthcare provider immediately. They can assess your symptoms and provide the necessary treatment to ensure your recovery stays on track.

Postsurgical Care

What kind of postsurgical care will I need?

It is important to arrange transportation home from the hospital or surgery center.

‍
Carefully follow your doctor’s instructions for dressings and wound care. Do not scratch, cleanse, or apply any creams, lotions, or other treatments to the incision until cleared to do so by your surgeon.

‍

Monitor your wound daily for signs of infection, which may include redness, swelling, increased pain, drainage, a fever >102.5 °F (39.2 °C), and/or warmth, especially outside of the dressing. Contact your surgeon’s office immediately if you develop any of these symptoms. Typically, if external sutures are used for wound closure, they will be removed in the office 7-14 days after the procedure.

Are there any restrictions following surgery?

Ask your surgeon about the necessary restrictions. They will provide you with detailed instructions and limitations to your movement and prescribe a postoperative plan, to which you should strictly adhere.